Oncofusion

start / graph / protein-prc1-1-complex

Proteinmoderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.Q5-interactome4

PRC1.1 — the complex this graph has been leaning on, now enumerated subunit by subunit, and the enumeration changes the conclusion

also called PRC1.1 · non-canonical PRC1 · variant PRC1 · ncPRC1.1 · BCOR-PRC1.1 · KDM2B-PRC1

PRC1.1 is a small machine that finds unmethylated stretches of DNA at gene starts and puts a silencing tag on the surrounding histones. This graph has used it to explain why some KMT2A leukaemias resist menin inhibitors — but until now only two of its six parts had entries, and writing the other four in shows the complex is a brake on the leukaemia rather than a fuel line.

The same thing, for a scientist

PRC1.1 is the PCGF1-defined non-canonical PRC1: **PCGF1 + RING1A/RING1B + KDM2B + BCOR or BCORL1 + SKP1**, with RYBP/YAF2 in the variant-PRC1 configuration that stimulates H2AK119ub1 and excludes CBX/PHC/SCM [E1][E2]. Targeting is to **non-methylated CpG islands** via the KDM2B ZF-CxxC domain, and — unlike canonical Polycomb — PRC1.1 occupies **transcriptionally active genes devoid of H3K27me3** [E3]. The only structure of the assembled core is **PDB 5JH5** (KDM2B/SKP1/BCORL1/PCGF1, X-ray 2.55 A), which shows hierarchical assembly: BCORL1 PUFD orders the residues preceding PCGF1's RAWUL into a composite KDM2B interface that exists in no other PRC1 flavour [E4][E5]. In KMT2A-rearranged AML, **loss** of PCGF1 or BCOR de-represses bivalent noncanonical menin targets including MYC and confers menin-inhibitor resistance [E6]; PCGF1 loss also confers DOT1L-inhibitor resistance [E7]. The subunit-by-subunit dependency profile, assembled here for the first time, is the finding: the three PRC1.1-**specific** subunits sit on the anti-dependency side of a genome-wide KMT2A scan (PCGF1 +0.145, BCOR +0.102, BCORL1 +0.061), the **shared** catalytic subunit is neutral (RNF2 +0.096) and the **shared housekeeping** subunit is pan-essential with zero selectivity (SKP1 -1.281, difference -0.013) [E8]. Complex-level averaging would have destroyed that structure.

What it looks like
loading 5JH5…
PDB 5JH5 ↗
shape

This is real experimental data — atoms placed by crystallography or cryo-EM, deposited by the people who did the experiment.

I have never read one of these pictures before

A protein is one long chain of amino acids that folds up. The ribbon traces that chain from one end to the other; it is not a wire, it is a simplification of where the backbone runs. Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom.

Domains are the stretches of chain that do a particular job, and they are what the coloured blocks above the picture mark out. Click one and the view flies to it. In this project the important question about any domain is usually whether the fusion still has it — the labels say lost where it does not.

Anything in yellow sticks is a bound small molecule, which is usually the drug.

Go deeper
The roster, and what each member's dependency data says
SubunitRole in PRC1.1Shared with other complexes?KMT2A selectivity differencePan-essentialityEntry
PCGF1defining RING-finger scaffoldno (PCGF1 only)+0.145 (98.2 pct)-0.038gene-pcgf1
BCORcorepressor armno+0.102 (95.5 pct)+0.025gene-bcor
BCORL1alternative corepressor armno+0.061 (87.5 pct)+0.077gene-bcorl1
KDM2BZF-CxxC DNA-binding subunitshared with SCF-FBXL10-0.046 (21.2 pct)-0.040gene-kdm2b
RNF2 (RING1B)H2AK119ub E3 ligaseshared with all six PRC1 flavours+0.096 (94.9 pct)-0.047gene-rnf2
SKP1F-box adaptorshared with SCF-0.013 (41.8 pct)-1.281gene-skp1

All numbers from the same genome-wide scan 8.

The pattern is orderly and it was invisible before the enumeration. The more exclusively a subunit belongs to PRC1.1, the further it sits on the anti-dependency side. The subunits shared with other machinery drift toward neutral (RNF2, KDM2B) or are dominated by their other job entirely (SKP1). That is exactly the signature of a complex whose specific function restrains the leukaemia while its shared parts are doing something else.

What this changes for the project's PRC1.1 reasoning

The graph already carried the claim that PRC1.1 loss reactivates MYC and sets menin-inhibitor sensitivity independently of differentiation state. Enumerating the complex supports the direction and sharpens three things:

1. It is a resistance axis, not a target axis. Nothing in PRC1.1 is a vulnerability. Every PRC1.1-specific subunit is less required in KMT2A-rearranged lines than in other leukaemia lines 8. An intervention that disrupted PRC1.1 would be expected to reduce menin-inhibitor efficacy 67.

2. The paralogue pairs are not interchangeable and the graph had been assuming they were. BCOR and BCORL1 assemble with KDM2B by different routes — BCORL1 PUFD suffices, BCOR PUFD does not and needs additional N-terminal residues 9. RING1A buffers RING1B, which is why the one clean in-vivo demonstration that PRC1 catalysis is required for MLL-AF9 leukaemia had to delete both 10. Any 'PRC1.1-null' model built on a single knockout is not PRC1.1-null.

3. The complex is not uniformly repressive. PRC1.1 binds active, H3K27me3-free genes 3, and its targets in thymocytes are H2AK119ub-high, H3K4me3-high, H3K27me3-low 11. Calling PRC1.1 'the silencing complex' and reasoning from H3K27me3 would give the wrong answer.

The unresolved contradiction, stated rather than smoothed over

Two well-executed studies point opposite ways and this entry does not pretend otherwise.

  • van den Boom 2016: PRC1.1 is essential for human leukaemic stem cells; KDM2B knockdown delays or abrogates leukemogenesis in humanised xenografts, and PRC1.1 components are over-expressed in primary AML CD34+ cells 3.
  • Zhou 2024: PRC1.1 loss is a survivable, drug-resistance-conferring state in KMT2A-rearranged AML 6. The genome-wide scan agrees that no PRC1.1-specific subunit is required for bulk proliferation 8.
  • Isshiki 2019: in T-ALL, PRC1.1 is a tumour suppressor whose loss initiates disease 11.

Three directions in three contexts. The most economical reconciliation — that PRC1.1 is required for self-renewal in a stem compartment that neither bulk culture nor a resistance screen measures — is a hypothesis, and the graph carries it as one rather than as a resolution.

Cell type, cell state, localisation and epigenetics for the complex
AxisDocumentedWhere
Cell typePrimary human AML CD34+ cells; human and mouse KMT2A-rearranged AML lines; mouse thymocytes and human T-ALL3611
Cell stateAntagonises the myeloid differentiation programme; its loss reduces monocytic signatures in KMT2A-rearranged AML but increases proliferation and differentiation in BCOR-mutant normal myeloid cells612
SubcellularNucleus, chromatin-bound13
SubnuclearNot established in any KMT2A-rearranged cell. One 2024 study reports calcium-modulated liquid-liquid phase separation tethering the BCOR-PRC1.1 enzymatic core to KDM2B, which is the closest thing to a subnuclear-organisation result and is not a leukaemia experiment.13
Chromatin targetingNon-methylated CpG islands via KDM2B ZF-CxxC3
Epigenetic readoutH2AK119ub1; targets are H3K4me3-high, H3K27me3-low211
Absent axisNo B-lineage data at all. Every functional result is myeloid or T-lineage. For a project whose disease is KMT2A::AFF1 infant B-ALL this is the binding constraint on everything above.—
Facts and figures
complex namePRC1.1 (PCGF1-containing non-canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1)
structure note5JH5 is the only assembled-PRC1.1 structure in the PDB and it contains the targeting module only (KDM2B 1059-1336, SKP1 2-163, PCGF1 150-255, BCORL1 1668-1785). No structure contains RING1A/B or a nucleosome.
chromatin targetingnon-methylated CpG islands via the KDM2B ZF-CxxC domain
epigenetic readoutH2AK119ub1; PRC1.1 target promoters are H3K4me3-high and H3K27me3-low, and include transcriptionally active genes
classificationchromatin antagonist of the menin-KMT2A programme and a resistance axis; NOT a demonstrated interactome member of KMT2A::AFF1
dependency patternPRC1.1-exclusive subunits are anti-dependencies in KMT2A-rearranged lines (PCGF1 +0.145, BCOR +0.102, BCORL1 +0.061); shared subunits are neutral (RNF2 +0.096, KDM2B -0.046) or pan-essential via their other complex (SKP1 -1.281)
clinical relevancecandidate biomarker of menin-inhibitor and DOT1L-inhibitor resistance; PRC1.1-deficient cells reported venetoclax-susceptible
largest gapno functional data in B-lineage or in KMT2A::AFF1
subunits
[
  {
    "node": "gene-pcgf1",
    "uniprot": "Q9BSM1",
    "role": "defining RING-finger scaffold",
    "exclusive_to_prc1_1": true
  },
  {
    "node": "gene-rnf2",
    "uniprot": "Q99496",
    "role": "H2AK119ub E3 ligase (with RING1A)",
    "exclusive_to_prc1_1": false
  },
  {
    "node": "gene-kdm2b",
    "uniprot": "Q8NHM5",
    "role": "ZF-CxxC CpG-island DNA binding; also an SCF F-box protein",
    "exclusive_to_prc1_1": false
  },
  {
    "node": "gene-bcor",
    "uniprot": "Q6W2J9",
    "role": "corepressor arm (PUFD)",
    "exclusive_to_prc1_1": true,
    "accession_note": "re-resolved for this beat: UniProt gene_exact:BCOR AND organism_id:9606 AND reviewed:true, run 2026-09-19, one reviewed hit, primary gene name BCOR, 1755 aa"
  },
  {
    "node": "gene-bcorl1",
    "uniprot": "Q5H9F3",
    "role": "alternative corepressor arm (PUFD)",
    "exclusive_to_prc1_1": true
  },
  {
    "node": "gene-skp1",
    "uniprot": "P63208",
    "role": "F-box adaptor, structural",
    "exclusive_to_prc1_1": false
  }
]
additional reported subunits
[
  "RYBP or YAF2 (variant-PRC1 configuration; stimulates RING1B toward H2AK119ub1 and excludes CBX/PHC/SCM)",
  "USP7 and TRIM27 in some PRC1.1 preparations - not enumerated in this beat"
]
PDB IDS
[
  "5JH5"
]
localization
{
  "subcellular": "nucleus, chromatin-bound",
  "subnuclear": "not established in any KMT2A-rearranged cell; a calcium-modulated liquid-liquid phase separation description exists for the BCOR-PRC1.1 core outside leukaemia"
}
How this could bite us back
  • Every plausible PRC1.1-directed intervention points the wrong way: disrupting the complex is what confers menin-inhibitor and DOT1L-inhibitor resistance, so a PRC1.1 disruptor would antagonise the drug class this project is built around.
  • The catalytic subunit RING1B is shared with all six PRC1 complexes and the adaptor SKP1 is shared with SCF, so the only chemically tractable-looking nodes are the ones whose inhibition is least selective.
  • PRC1.1-deficient disease is predicted to be venetoclax-sensitive, which imports venetoclax's own resistance biology (MCL1, BCL-xL) as the next failure mode.
  • If PRC1.1 loss also impairs leukaemic stem cell function, as van den Boom's KDM2B data suggest, then a PRC1.1-deficient resistant clone may be simultaneously drug-resistant and less self-renewing - a combination that would make relapse kinetics hard to predict from the in-vitro data.
Still open
  1. Which PCGF flavour supplies the PRC1 catalysis that Rossi et al. showed is required for MLL-AF9 leukaemia? A PCGF-paralogue-resolved H2AK119ub map would separate PRC1.1 from canonical PRC1 and is the single most informative experiment this entry points to.
  2. Does PRC1.1 do anything in KMT2A::AFF1 infant B-ALL? The complex has been studied in AML and T-ALL and never in this disease.
  3. Is the BCOR/BCORL1 pair redundant in leukaemia? If so, every published single-paralogue PRC1.1 model is a partial loss of function.
  4. Does the condensate description of PRC1.1 recruitment intersect the fusion's own condensate behaviour? Both are reported and nobody has looked at them together.
  5. Would restoring PRC1.1 activity resensitise a resistant blast, and is there any pharmacological way to do that?
Every source behind this entry (13)
  1. E1established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.paper

    PRC1.1 comprises KDM2B together with RING1B, PCGF1, and BCOR or BCORL1; it is a noncanonical PRC1 that catalyses H2AK119ub1 and binds non-methylated CpG islands through the KDM2B zinc-finger-CxxC DNA-binding domain, recruiting the complex to target gene loci.

    KDM2B in polycomb repressive complex 1.1 functions as a tumor suppressor in the initiation of T-cell leukemogenesis · Isshiki Y, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Oshima M, Aoyama K, Rizk M, Kurosawa S, Saraya A, Kondo T, Sakaida E, Nakaseko C, Yokote K, Koseki H, Iwama A · Blood Advances 3(17):2537-2549 2019
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19. The composition sentence is the authors' framing statement rather than a result of this paper, and it omits SKP1 and RYBP, which the structural and proteomic work include. Rosters differ by purification.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The four-subunit definition is demonstrably incomplete: the crystallised minimal PRC1.1 core requires SKP1 as a structural member, and the proteomic classification adds RYBP/YAF2 as the determinant of variant-PRC1 behaviour. A reader taking this roster as complete would omit the subunit that makes the complex catalytically variant. Wong SJ et al. 2016
  2. E2established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.paper

    Six major PRC1 groups each contain a distinct PCGF subunit and a RING1A/B ubiquitin ligase; association with RYBP or its homolog YAF2 prevents incorporation of canonical CBX, PHC and SCM subunits, and only RYBP stimulates RING1B activity toward H2AK119ub1; the six complexes differ in genomic localisation and only a small subset co-localises with H3K27me3.

    PCGF homologs, CBX proteins, and RYBP define functionally distinct PRC1 family complexes · Gao Z, Zhang J, Bonasio R, Strino F, Sawai A, Parisi F, Kluger Y, Reinberg D · Molecular Cell 45(3):344-56 2012
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. HEK293 and mouse embryonic stem cells; no leukaemia and no KMT2A fusion.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • Composition determined by affinity purification and mass spectrometry reports what survives a wash, not what exists. The phase-separation result for BCOR-PRC1.1 implies a condensate-associated pool whose stoichiometry would not be recovered by this method. Chen R et al. 2024
  3. E3strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper

    Non-canonical PRC1.1, identified by mass-spectrometry proteomics, is critically important for human leukaemic stem cells: downmodulation of members such as KDM2B strongly reduces proliferation in vitro and delays or abrogates leukemogenesis in humanised xenograft models; PRC1.1 components are significantly over-expressed in primary AML CD34+ cells; and ChIP-seq shows PRC1.1 also binds a distinct set of transcriptionally active genes devoid of H3K27me3, enriched for metabolic processes.

    Non-canonical PRC1.1 Targets Active Genes Independent of H3K27me3 and Is Essential for Leukemogenesis · van den Boom V, Maat H, Geugien M, Rodriguez Lopez A, Sotoca AM, Jaques J, Brouwers-Vos AZ, Fusetti F, Groen RWJ, Yuan H, Martens ACM, Stunnenberg HG, Vellenga E, Martens JHA, Schuringa JJ · Cell Reports 14(2):332-46 2016
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. The functional perturbation is KDM2B, a subunit shared with SCF-FBXL10, so some of the phenotype may be PRC1.1-independent. Primary AML CD34+ cells were not selected for KMT2A rearrangement.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
  4. E4established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.paper

    A minimal four-component PRC1.1 assembles from a DNA-binding KDM2B/SKP1 heterodimer plus a BCORL1/PCGF1 heterodimer; the crystal structure shows the BCORL1 PUFD domain positioning residues preceding the PCGF1 RAWUL domain to create an extended KDM2B interface unique to PCGF1-containing PRC1.1, and suggests how KDM2B might simultaneously function in PRC1.1 and in an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.

    KDM2B Recruitment of the Polycomb Group Complex, PRC1.1, Requires Cooperation between PCGF1 and BCORL1 · Wong SJ, Gearhart MD, Taylor AB, Nanyes DR, Ha DJ, Robinson AK, Artigas JA, Lee OJ, Demeler B, Hart PJ, Bardwell VJ, Kim CA · Structure 24(10):1795-1801 2016
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. Truncated constructs, in vitro, no RING1A/B and no nucleosome, so this is the targeting module and not a functional PRC1.1.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The structure contains BCORL1, not BCOR, yet every functional leukaemia result in this entry concerns BCOR. The graph's structural picture of PRC1.1 and its functional picture are therefore built on different paralogues, and the same group later showed the two PUFD domains do not behave identically. Wong SJ et al. 2020
  5. E5established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.database

    RCSB PDB entry 5JH5, 'Structural Basis for the Hierarchical Assembly of the Core of PRC1.1', X-ray diffraction at 2.55 A, contains four polymer entities mapping to KDM2B (Q8NHM5, modelled 1059-1336), SKP1 (P63208, 2-163), PCGF1 (Q9BSM1, 150-255) and BCORL1 (Q5H9F3, 1668-1785), with primary citation PMID 27568929, DOI 10.1016/j.str.2016.07.011.

    RCSB PDB entry 5JH5 - Structural Basis for the Hierarchical Assembly of the Core of PRC1.1 · RCSB Protein Data Bank; entry and polymer-entity alignment records queried via data.rcsb.org 2016
    What this evidence cannot show

    Entity descriptions, accessions and modelled ranges fetched from data.rcsb.org on 2026-09-19 and copied from the same fetched records, not typed from recall. Modelled ranges are RCSB-reported aligned regions and are shorter than the crystallised constructs.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • This is the ONLY assembled-PRC1.1 structure in the PDB, and it lacks the catalytic subunit. Every statement this project makes about PRC1.1 geometry on a nucleosome is therefore extrapolation from a targeting module, and no experiment has confirmed that the module docks the RING1B catalytic centre over H2A K119 in the way the canonical PRC1-nucleosome structures do. Gao Z et al. 2012
  6. E6strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper

    In KMT2A-rearranged AML, noncanonical menin targets bivalently co-occupied by active menin and repressive H2AK119ub are normally downregulated after menin inhibition; loss of PRC1.1 subunits such as PCGF1 or BCOR confers menin-inhibitor resistance by epigenetically reactivating these targets including MYC, MYC inhibition resensitises, and PRC1.1-deficient cells show reduced monocytic gene signatures and venetoclax susceptibility.

    Epigenetic regulation of noncanonical menin targets modulates menin inhibitor response in acute myeloid leukemia · Zhou X, Zhang L, Aryal S, Veasey V, Tajik A, Restelli C, Moreira S, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Hope KJ, Zhou Y, Cheng C, Bhatia R, Lu R · Blood 144(19):2018-2032 2024
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. AML only, human and mouse; no B-lineage, no KMT2A::AFF1. Engineered loss, not clinically observed loss.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The bivalency screen of Sparbier et al. reports menin inhibition paradoxically ACTIVATING bivalent genes on its own, without any PRC1.1 perturbation. If that holds in KMT2A-rearranged blasts, the requirement for PRC1.1 loss to reactivate this class of target is context-dependent rather than general, and the resistance model narrows accordingly. Sparbier CE et al. 2023
  7. E7moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.paper

    A Perturb-seq map of KMT2A-rearranged AML reports that disruption of antagonistic regulators of the myeloid differentiation programme, such as the PRC1.1 component PCGF1, confers strong resistance to DOT1L inhibition, within a framework in which KAT6A, menin and DOT1L form a synergistic silencing hub.

    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. Shares senior authors with [E6], so this is the same group's programme extended to a second drug class rather than independent confirmation. AML only.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
  8. E8moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.database

    In the project's genome-wide KMT2A-rearranged selectivity scan of 17,728 genes across 1,208 cell lines (11 KMT2A-rearranged versus 43 other leukaemia lines), the PRC1.1 subunits score: PCGF1 difference +0.1448, rank 17,405, pan-essentiality -0.0384; BCOR +0.1019, rank 16,929, +0.0251; BCORL1 +0.0609, rank 15,515, +0.0771; RNF2 +0.0964, rank 16,819, -0.0474; KDM2B -0.0464, rank 3,765, -0.0404; SKP1 -0.0132, rank 7,404, -1.2813. MEN1 ranks 1 (-0.8656) and KMT2A ranks 11 (-0.5411) in the same scan.

    Genome-wide KMT2A-rearranged selectivity scan, 17,728 genes (DepMap Chronos via Open Targets) · Broad Institute DepMap / Open Targets Platform; analyses/depmap-kmt2a-selective-scan-full 2026
    What this evidence cannot show

    All six rows read out of analyses/depmap-kmt2a-selective-scan-full/results.json on 2026-09-19 in a single pass, so no number here was typed from memory. RYBP is absent from the scan and has no row. Eleven KMT2A-rearranged lines, none infant-derived, AML-heavy. Single-gene knockouts cannot see paralogue-buffered requirements (RING1A for RNF2, BCOR for BCORL1 and vice versa), and SKP1's value is a floor effect.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The orderly pattern this entry reads off the table - specific subunits anti-dependency, shared subunits neutral - could equally be produced by paralogue buffering alone, with no biology about restraint in it. Ring1a/Ring1b double deletion showed PRC1 catalysis IS required for MLL-AF9 leukaemogenesis, which is precisely the requirement a single-gene scan cannot detect, so the pattern must not be read as evidence that PRC1 activity is dispensable. Rossi A et al. 2016
  9. E9strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper

    The PUFD domains of BCOR and BCORL1 differ in their ability to assemble with KDM2B: BCORL1 PUFD suffices, whereas BCOR PUFD alone does not stably assemble with KDM2B and requires residues N-terminal to PUFD; NMR shows the BCOR PUFD termini, critical for binding PCGF1 and KDM2B, are disordered, implying hierarchical assembly in which they become ordered on PCGF1 binding.

    Structure and Role of BCOR PUFD in Noncanonical PRC1 Assembly and Disease · Wong SJ, Senkovich O, Artigas JA, Gearhart MD, Ilangovan U, Graham DW, Abel KN, Yu T, Hinck AP, Bardwell VJ, Kim CA · Biochemistry 59(29):2718-2728 2020
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. Purified domains and NMR; the tumour relevance is asserted for BCOR internal tandem duplications in paediatric kidney and brain tumours, not leukaemia.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The paralogue asymmetry is inferred across constructs and papers from one group rather than from a single side-by-side comparison, so it may reflect construct boundaries. If BCOR and BCORL1 turn out to be interchangeable after all, the caution this entry attaches to single-paralogue knockouts weakens considerably. Wong SJ et al. 2016
  10. E10strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper

    Genetic depletion of the H2A ubiquitin ligase subunits Ring1a and Ring1b in mice showed that PRC1 activity and H2AK119 monoubiquitination are required for the leukemogenic potential of both Hox-activating fusions such as MLL-AF9 and non-Hox-activating fusions, preventing differentiation of leukaemic cells.

    Maintenance of leukemic cell identity by the activity of the Polycomb complex PRC1 in mice · Rossi A, Ferrari KJ, Piunti A, Jammula S, Chiacchiera F, Mazzarella L, Scelfo A, Pelicci PG, Pasini D · Science Advances 2(10):e1600972 2016
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. Mouse, myeloid, MLL-AF9. Because both Ring1 paralogues are deleted, this establishes a requirement for PRC1 catalysis generally and says nothing about which PCGF flavour supplies it - PRC1.1 is not distinguished from canonical PRC1 here.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • This result is frequently cited as if it showed PRC1.1 is required in MLL-rearranged leukaemia. It does not: RING1A/B are shared by all six PRC1 complexes, and the PRC1.1-specific subunits score as anti-dependencies in the same disease. Attributing the Rossi phenotype to PRC1.1 would be a complex-level conflation. Gao Z et al. 2012
  11. E11strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper

    KDM2B-PRC1.1 target promoters in mouse thymocytes carry high H2AK119ub1 and high H3K4me3 but low H3K27me3, are expressed at higher levels than non-targets, and PRC1.1 restrains excessive transcriptional activation by NOTCH1; loss of the KDM2B ZF-CxxC domain in haematopoietic cells causes lethal T-ALL, establishing PRC1.1 as a tumour suppressor in T-cell leukemogenesis.

    KDM2B in polycomb repressive complex 1.1 functions as a tumor suppressor in the initiation of T-cell leukemogenesis · Isshiki Y, Nakajima-Takagi Y, Oshima M, Aoyama K, Rizk M, Kurosawa S, Saraya A, Kondo T, Sakaida E, Nakaseko C, Yokote K, Koseki H, Iwama A · Blood Advances 3(17):2537-2549 2019
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19. Mouse thymocytes and human T-ALL: neither the lineage nor the driver matches KMT2A::AFF1.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The same complex is reported as essential for human AML leukaemic stem cells in xenografts. A tumour-suppressor role in T-cell initiation and an essential role in myeloid maintenance cannot both be the general behaviour of PRC1.1, and no experiment has yet tested both phenotypes in one system. van den Boom V et al. 2016
  12. E12strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper

    Bcor loss-of-function in murine myeloid cells increased both proliferation and differentiation with upregulated Hox gene expression, reduced RING1B protein levels, and reduced H2AK119ub upstream of the upregulated HoxA genes.

    BCOR regulates myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation · Cao Q, Gearhart MD, Gery S, Shojaee S, Yang H, Sun H, Lin DC, Bai JW, Mead M, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Chien WW, Alkan S, Alpermann T, Haferlach T, Muschen M, Bardwell VJ, Koeffler HP · Leukemia 30(5):1155-65 2016
    What this evidence cannot show

    Abstract fetched and read on 2026-09-19; full text not read. Normal and BCOR-mutant murine myeloid cells plus BCOR-mutant AML patient expression profiles; no KMT2A rearrangement selection, so the HoxA link here concerns myelopoiesis and not a fusion-driven HOXA programme.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
    • The direction conflicts with the KMT2A-rearranged resistance work, where PRC1.1 loss REDUCES monocytic differentiation signatures. Increased differentiation on BCOR loss in normal myeloid cells and decreased differentiation signature on BCOR loss in KMT2A-rearranged AML cannot both be the general effect, and neither study tested the other's system. Zhou X et al. 2024
  13. E13moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.paper

    The tethering of the BCOR-PRC1.1 enzymatic core to KDM2B is modulated by calcium and proceeds via liquid-liquid phase separation.

    Calcium modulates the tethering of BCOR-PRC1.1 enzymatic core to KDM2B via liquid-liquid phase separation · Chen R, Shen F, Zhang Y, Sun M, Dong Y, Yin Y, Su C, Peng C · Communications Biology 7(1):1112 2024
    What this evidence cannot show

    Title, journal, year and DOI fetched from PubMed on 2026-09-19; the abstract was not read in this cycle and the claim is taken from the title only, so no cell type, calcium concentration or droplet parameter is asserted. This entry uses it solely to mark that a condensate description of PRC1.1 exists.

    Evidence that argues against this (1)
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