MED26 — a common-essential Mediator subunit with a solved 87-residue domain and no ChEMBL target entity at all
also called CRSP70 · ARC70 · CRSP7 · Mediator complex subunit 26 · MED26 TND
MED26 is a piece of Mediator, the machine that connects gene switches to RNA polymerase. Almost every cell needs it, it has a small, neatly solved domain that looks like a handle a drug could grab — and no one has ever registered a single compound against it.
The same thing, for a scientist
MED26 (O95402, 600 aa) is a Mediator subunit carrying an N-terminal TFIIS N-terminal domain (TND, residues ~1-87) that is structurally autonomous and has been solved twice by NMR. It is DepMap **common-essential** — mean Chronos -0.944 across 1,208 lines, 92.3% of lines depleted — with a KMT2A-rearranged mean of -0.913 and a KMT2A::AFF1 mean of -0.718, giving selectivity_vs_leukemia of -0.113 and selectivity_vs_all_lines of **+0.031**. The selectivity is inside noise and the sign flips depending on the comparator, so there is no case for MED26 as a KMT2A-selective target. What is genuinely striking is the chemical and structural shape of the gap: MED26 has **no ChEMBL target entity whatsoever** — not an empty one, not a PPI-only one, none — despite having a compact, well-defined, independently druggable-looking reader-like module. And its structural coverage is bimodal to an extreme degree: either the isolated 87-92-residue TND, or 30-subunit PIC-Mediator cryo-EM assemblies. There is nothing in between.
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PDB 6ZV3, NMR, MED26 residues 1-87, annotated as the TFIIS N-terminal domain; the same module is 5ODD (NMR, residues 1-92).
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Size class comparison: the CBX8 chromodomain (7-61), the BRPF1 bromodomain and the ENL/AF9 YEATS domains are all similar autonomous modules, and all four carry tens to hundreds of potent ChEMBL rows. MED26 has no ChEMBL target entity at all.
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Both structures are apo with no partner chain, so the groove's actual ligand is not visible in any structure — the worst starting point for a PPI campaign.
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MED26 is DepMap common-essential (92.3% of 1,208 lines depleted), which is why the unliganded state is a fact about coverage rather than an opportunity we endorse.
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PDB 7ENA, with 7ENC, 7EMF and 7ENJ from the same study, and 8GXQ/8GXS from another: pre-initiation-complex–Mediator cryo-EM assemblies containing MED26.
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MED26's structural coverage is bimodal — an 87-residue NMR domain, or a 30-plus-subunit holo-assembly. Nothing in between, and residues 93-600 exist in no other context.
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For a peripheral subunit, the assembly's stated global resolution does not apply locally; MED26's own local resolution is the limiting factor and was not independently assessed here.
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That MED26 is present in Mediator is verified. That its TND switches the polymerase from Mediator to the SEC is our inference and is labelled speculative.
This is a prediction, not a measurement. No one has seen this protein in this shape. The colours say how much the software trusts itself, and that is worth reading before anything else — the orange stretches are places the model is effectively saying this part has no fixed shape.
I have never read one of these pictures before
A protein is one long chain of amino acids that folds up. The ribbon traces that chain from one end to the other; it is not a wire, it is a simplification of where the backbone runs. Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom.
Domains are the stretches of chain that do a particular job, and they are what the coloured blocks above the picture mark out. Click one and the view flies to it. In this project the important question about any domain is usually whether the fusion still has it — the labels say lost where it does not.
Anything in yellow sticks is a bound small molecule, which is usually the drug.
Common-essential, and the selectivity sign is not stable1 deeper
MED26's dependency profile 1:
| value | |
|---|---|
| DepMap common-essential | yes |
| mean Chronos (1,208 lines) | -0.944 |
| fraction of lines depleted | 0.923 |
| leukemia (64 lines) | -0.800 |
| KMT2A-rearranged (10 lines) | -0.913 |
| KMT2A::AFF1 (4 lines) | -0.718 |
| selectivity vs leukemia | -0.113 |
| selectivity vs all lines | +0.031 |
This is the clearest case in the cluster of a selectivity score that is not just small but sign-unstable. Against the leukemia baseline MED26 looks mildly selective (-0.113); against all 1,208 lines it looks mildly anti-selective (+0.031). Both are inside our ±0.15 noise band at n=10. And the KMT2A::AFF1 subgroup is the least depleted of the three cancer groupings (-0.718 against -0.913 for KMT2A-r overall and -0.800 for leukemia) — driven largely by MV4-11 at -0.358, the shallowest of the ten KMT2A-r lines, against HB11;19 at -1.461, the deepest. With four KMT2A::AFF1 lines spanning -0.358 to -0.881, the group mean carries no weight.
The defensible statement is: MED26 is required by almost all cells and there is no evidence that KMT2A::AFF1 cells require it more. As a target it inherits the same wall as CDK9 and ELL, with a shallower absolute requirement (-0.944 against -1.536 and -1.302) and no compensating selectivity.
gnomAD agrees MED26 matters: pLI 1.0, LOEUF 0.301, with only 7 observed loss-of-function variants against 43.7 expected, and missense z 0.83 1. That is tight LoF constraint alongside near-zero missense constraint — the same asymmetry seen for ELL, and the signature of a protein whose function is carried by discrete modules and bulk scaffolding rather than a tuned catalytic site.
The one expression detail worth noting
HPA classifies MED26 RNA as tissue enhanced (testis, 34.0 nTPM), detected in all tissues, with blood-cell annotation low immune cell specificity but distribution 'detected in single' — i.e. the RNA is only appreciably detected in one immune cell type 1. Protein-level annotation is 'group enriched', nucleoplasmic.
'Detected in single' in the blood compartment is the one crumb of a possible window in this node, and it is a weak one: a common-essential gene with 92.3% of lines depleted does not become tolerable because its RNA is low in most immune cells. Transcript abundance is not requirement. We record it because it is the only asymmetry in the expression data, not because it rescues the target.
Zero ChEMBL target entity — the starkest chemical gap in the interactome
MED26 has no ChEMBL target at all 3. Not a single-protein target with zero potent rows (that is SGF29's situation: CHEMBL4523425 exists and has one 'Not Active' thermal-shift row). Not a PPI-only target (that is DPY30's and BCOR's situation). No target entity. The only other genes in this interactome in that category are ZFP64 and MEAF6.
That is worth dwelling on, because MED26 does not look like a protein that should be unliganded:
- It has a compact, autonomous, ~87-residue folded domain — the TND — solved twice, independently, by NMR: 5ODD (MED26 1-92) and 6ZV3 (MED26 1-87, explicitly annotated as the TFIIS N-terminal domain) 2.
- Small autonomous protein-interaction modules of exactly this size class are the field's most successful PPI chemotypes. Compare, inside this very dossier: the CBX8 chromodomain (residues 7-61) has 15 potent ChEMBL rows and a 120 nM ligand; the BRPF1 bromodomain has 173 potent rows and a 31 nM ligand; the MLLT1 and MLLT3 YEATS domains have 144 and 66 potent rows with Ki values of 56 nM and 10 nM. All are similar-sized peptide- or mark-binding modules.
- MED26 is more essential than any of those four.
So this is not 'a hard target that people tried and failed on'. It is a target nobody has started on. Whether that is because the TND's binding groove is too shallow, because Mediator is perceived as undruggable, or simply because no screen has been run, we cannot tell from ChEMBL — absence from a database is absence of curated records, not proof of intractability.
We are obliged to note the honest counterweight: with no selectivity and 92.3% of lines depleted, MED26 is not a target we would recommend anyone start on either. The gap is a fact about the field's coverage, not an opportunity we are endorsing.
Structural coverage is bimodal: an 87-residue NMR domain, or a 30-subunit cryo-EM machine1 deeper
MED26's structures come in exactly two sizes and nothing between them 2:
The isolated TND.
- 5ODD — NMR, MED26 residues 1-92, N-terminal domain.
- 6ZV3 — NMR, MED26 residues 1-87, annotated as the TFIIS N-terminal domain (TND).
Enormous pre-initiation-complex–Mediator assemblies in which MED26 is one subunit among dozens.
- 7ENA, 7ENC, 7EMF, 7ENJ
- 8GXQ, 8GXS
Between 87 residues and a complete PIC-Mediator holo-assembly there is nothing: no MED26 fragment bound to a partner peptide, no MED26 in a sub-module, no structure of residues 93-600 in any form. Roughly 86% of the protein has never been resolved outside a holo-complex, and inside the holo-complexes the local resolution for a peripheral subunit like MED26 is generally the limiting factor rather than the global figure.
The practical consequence for structure-based work is awkward. The one high-quality, atomic-detail MED26 structure is an apo, isolated, 87-residue domain with no ligand and no partner in the model. That is the worst possible starting point for a PPI-blocker campaign: you can see the fold, and you cannot see what it grips.
The Mediator-to-SEC handoff: this is OUR INFERENCE, not a verified claim
The reason MED26 appears in a super-elongation-complex dossier at all is the widely repeated proposition that the MED26 TND acts as a switch point — that it hands the polymerase from a Mediator-associated initiation state to a SEC-associated elongation state, and that the TND is the module that binds alternative partners to do so.
We could not support that claim from any verified primary citation this cycle, and we are therefore labelling it as our inference with confidence speculative 4. What we can verify is only the structural furniture: a TND exists, it is autonomous, it has been solved twice, and MED26 sits within PIC-Mediator assemblies. The functional switch is an interpretation laid on top of that.
Why record the inference at all rather than delete it? Because it is the hypothesis that makes MED26 worth an experiment, and because labelling it honestly is more useful to the project than either asserting it or omitting it. It is developed properly, with the same labelling, in interface-med26-sec-handoff, which carries status: "unverified" for exactly this reason.
The experiment it implies is concrete and cheap: a TND-deleted or TND-point-mutant MED26 knock-in, reading out Mediator versus SEC co-immunoprecipitation and nascent transcription at KMT2A::AFF1 target genes. If the TND is a switch, the mutant should decouple the two complexes without destroying Mediator. If it is not, the mutant will simply be a weaker Mediator subunit.
| uniprot | O95402 |
|---|---|
| gene symbol | MED26 |
| length AA | 600 |
| protein name | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 26 (CRSP70, ARC70) |
| alphafold ID | AF-O95402-F1 |
| alphafold verified | true |
| PDB verified against rcsb | true |
| subnuclear localization | CAJAL BODIES, and this is the best-evidenced subnuclear address in this tranche that is NOT in UniProt at all. MED26 recruits the little elongation complex (LEC, containing ELL and EAF) to non-polyadenylated genes - snRNA genes and replication-dependent histone genes - and the termination and 3'-end-processing step it controls happens AT CAJAL BODIES [E_q77_loc2]. The proposed organising role is that MED26-containing Mediator brings Cajal bodies into contact with histone locus bodies so that 3'-end-processing factors are supplied to paused Pol II [E_q77_loc3]. UniProt O95402 records NONE of this - its entire subcellular block is one line, 'Nucleus', at ECO:0000305 [E_q77_loc1]. THE CONNECTION TO THIS GRAPH IS DIRECT: ELL is a KMT2A fusion partner and this graph already holds localization-ell-cajal-bodies-versus-speckles-and-the-mll-ell-disruption. MED26 is the subunit that puts ELL there. |
| shown for fusion | NO - nobody has looked in any fusion, of any kind, in any lineage. MED26's localisation has never been measured in a KMT2A-rearranged cell. What exists on the fusion axis is biochemistry, not spatial data: MED26's N-terminal TND is the docking site for the super elongation complex [E_q77_loc5], and SEC is the complex the KMT2A fusions co-opt - so the protein is one step from the index mechanism and zero steps have been taken on the localisation question. |
| rcsb bound 2026 09 22 | 8 PDB entries contain O95402 (MED26): 5ODD, 6ZV3, 7EMF, 7ENA, 7ENC, 7ENJ, 8GXQ, 8GXS. Queried via the RCSB search API on the polymer-entity reference accession. The two NMR structures are the isolated N-terminal domain; the other six are large PIC-Mediator cryo-EM assemblies. There is nothing in between, which is the claim, and it is now dated and counted rather than enumerated without a bound. |
domains
[
{
"name": "TFIIS N-terminal domain (TND)",
"start": 1,
"end": 87,
"note": "solved twice by NMR as an isolated apo module: 6ZV3 (1-87, annotated TND) and 5ODD (1-92); no partner-bound structure exists"
},
{
"name": "Residues 93-600",
"start": 93,
"end": 600,
"note": "never resolved outside a PIC-Mediator holo-assembly; ~86% of the protein has no fragment structure of any kind"
}
]PDB IDS
[ "5ODD", "6ZV3", "7ENA", "7ENC", "7EMF", "7ENJ", "8GXQ", "8GXS" ]
key structures — the numbers behind the chart
[
{
"pdb": "5ODD",
"what": "MED26 1-92 N-terminal domain, isolated and apo",
"method": "NMR",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "26861138",
"title": "1H, 15N and 13C assignments of the N-terminal domain of the Mediator complex subunit MED26.",
"authors": "Peruzzini R, Lens Z, Verger A, et al.",
"venue": "Biomol NMR Assign",
"year": 2016,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "6ZV3",
"what": "MED26 1-87 TFIIS N-terminal domain (TND), isolated and apo",
"method": "NMR",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "34822292",
"title": "A ubiquitous disordered protein interaction module orchestrates transcription elongation.",
"authors": "Cermakova K, Demeulemeester J, Lux V, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2021,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "7ENA",
"what": "MED26 within a PIC-Mediator assembly",
"method": "cryo-EM",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "33958484",
"title": "Structures of the human Mediator and Mediator-bound preinitiation complex.",
"authors": "Chen X, Yin X, Li J, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2021,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "7ENC",
"what": "MED26 within a PIC-Mediator assembly",
"method": "cryo-EM",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "33958484",
"title": "Structures of the human Mediator and Mediator-bound preinitiation complex.",
"authors": "Chen X, Yin X, Li J, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2021,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "7EMF",
"what": "MED26 within a PIC-Mediator assembly",
"method": "cryo-EM",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "33958484",
"title": "Structures of the human Mediator and Mediator-bound preinitiation complex.",
"authors": "Chen X, Yin X, Li J, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2021,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "7ENJ",
"what": "MED26 within a PIC-Mediator assembly",
"method": "cryo-EM",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "33958484",
"title": "Structures of the human Mediator and Mediator-bound preinitiation complex.",
"authors": "Chen X, Yin X, Li J, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2021,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "8GXQ",
"what": "MED26 within a PIC-Mediator assembly",
"method": "cryo-EM",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "36201575",
"title": "Structures of +1 nucleosome-bound PIC-Mediator complex.",
"authors": "Chen X, Wang X, Liu W, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2022,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
},
{
"pdb": "8GXS",
"what": "MED26 within a PIC-Mediator assembly",
"method": "cryo-EM",
"resolution_A": null,
"pmid": "36201575",
"title": "Structures of +1 nucleosome-bound PIC-Mediator complex.",
"authors": "Chen X, Wang X, Liu W, et al.",
"venue": "Science",
"year": 2022,
"title_provenance": "Title/authors/venue backfilled from PubMed esummary on 2026-09-20 because this citation stored a bare PMID with no title, which made it unscoreable by verify-citations.py. BACKFILLING IS NOT VERIFICATION: it confirms the PMID resolves to a real paper, not that this is the right paper for the claim. That still requires reading."
}
]structural gaps
[ "No structure of any MED26 fragment bound to a partner peptide exists; both TND structures are apo.", "No MED26 sub-module structure exists between the 87-residue TND and the full PIC-Mediator assemblies.", "MED26 residues 93-600 (~86% of the protein) have never been resolved outside a holo-complex." ]
essentiality
{
"depmap_common_essential": true,
"chronos_mean": -0.944,
"n_lines": 1208,
"fraction_lines_depleted": 0.923,
"chronos_mean_leukemia": -0.8,
"chronos_mean_kmt2ar": -0.913,
"chronos_mean_kmt2a_aff1": -0.718,
"selectivity_vs_leukemia": -0.113,
"selectivity_vs_all_lines": 0.031,
"selectivity_interpretation": "Sign-unstable and inside noise: -0.113 against the leukemia baseline but +0.031 against all 1,208 lines. The KMT2A::AFF1 subgroup is the LEAST depleted of the three cancer groupings (-0.718), spanning -0.358 (MV4-11) to -0.881 (SEM). There is no dependency argument for MED26 in this fusion.",
"gnomad_pLI": 1,
"gnomad_loeuf": 0.301,
"gnomad_obs_lof": 7,
"gnomad_exp_lof": 43.7,
"gnomad_mis_z": 0.83,
"gnomad_interpretation": "Tight LoF constraint (only 7 observed against 43.7 expected) alongside near-absent missense constraint (z 0.83) — the same asymmetry as ELL, and the signature of a modular scaffolding protein rather than one with a tuned catalytic site.",
"hpa_rna_tissue_specificity": "Tissue enhanced",
"hpa_rna_tissue_distribution": "Detected in all",
"hpa_rna_blood_cell_specificity": "Low immune cell specificity",
"hpa_rna_tissue_specific_ntpm": {
"testis": "34.0"
},
"hpa_rna_blood_cell_distribution": "Detected in single",
"mouse_ko": "not established in this node; no verified citation obtained this cycle"
}most depleted kmt2ar lines — the numbers behind the chart
[
{
"line": "HB11;19",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT1",
"chronos": -1.461
},
{
"line": "MOLM-13",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT3",
"chronos": -1.102
},
{
"line": "MOLM-14",
"fusion": "KMT2A::MLLT3",
"chronos": -1.077
}
]least depleted kmt2ar lines — the numbers behind the chart
[
{
"line": "MV4-11",
"fusion": "KMT2A::AFF1",
"chronos": -0.358
},
{
"line": "SHI-1",
"fusion": "KMT2A::AFDN",
"chronos": -0.695
},
{
"line": "RS4;11",
"fusion": "KMT2A::AFF1",
"chronos": -0.804
}
]chemical matter
{
"chembl_target": null,
"chembl_pref_name": null,
"n_activity_rows_pchembl_ge_6": 0,
"best_activity": null,
"curated_mechanism_drugs": [],
"note": "NO ChEMBL TARGET ENTITY AT ALL in v34 — not an empty single-protein target, not a PPI-only target, none. Only ZFP64 and MEAF6 share this status in the interactome. Striking for a protein with a compact autonomous TND, given that comparable modules in this dossier (CBX8 chromodomain 15 rows / 120 nM; BRPF1 bromodomain 173 rows / 31 nM; MLLT1 YEATS 144 rows / 56 nM; MLLT3 YEATS 66 rows / 10 nM) all carry chemical matter. Absence from ChEMBL is absence of curation, not proof of intractability."
}interfaces
[ "interface-med26-sec-handoff" ]
unsupported claims flagged
[ "The MED26 TND functions as a switch handing Pol II from Mediator to the SEC. Labelled OUR INFERENCE, confidence speculative, evidence item E4. No verified primary citation was obtained this cycle." ]
depmap kmt2a selectivity
{
"chronos_mean_kmt2a_rearranged": -0.9286,
"chronos_mean_other_leukaemia": -0.789,
"difference": -0.1396,
"pan_essentiality_all_lines": -0.9437,
"selectivity_rank": 555,
"rank_denominator": 17728,
"provenance": "Joined 2026-09-21 from analyses/depmap-kmt2a-selective-scan-full (generated 2026-09-19T10:12:06Z), the project's own genome-wide scan over 11 KMT2A-rearranged and 43 other leukaemia DepMap lines. NOT re-fetched and NOT independent of that scan: every caveat it carries applies here, including that the KMT2A-rearranged arm is a small number of lines drawn from nine individuals, that the rank denominator is 17,728 genes, and that a difference is not a dependency. Added because only 26 of 308 gene entries carried this number, which made any KMT2A-selectivity question answerable for 8% of the corpus.",
"how_to_read": "A negative difference means MORE required in KMT2A-rearranged lines than in other leukaemia lines. A rank near 17,728 is ANTI-selective. Neither is evidence of a fusion-driven dependency on its own: check pan_essentiality_all_lines before calling anything selective, and note that a paralogue-redundant gene can score near zero for reasons that have nothing to do with this disease - see ana-the-paralogue-redundancy-excuse-is-not-tested-and-my-proxy-decided-the-answer."
}localization
{
"subcellular": "NUCLEAR - AND THE ANNOTATION IS NOT A MEASUREMENT. UniProt O95402 fetched 2026-09-21 carries exactly ONE subcellular line, 'Nucleus', at ECO:0000305, which is CURATOR INFERENCE and not experimental evidence. There is no ECO:0000269 anywhere in the block, no note, no isoform- or fragment-scoped statement. This is the SMARCD2 shape Q71 flagged, repeating on a Mediator subunit: a protein that is obviously nuclear, annotated as nuclear, with nothing behind the annotation [E_q77_loc1]. The experimental record exists - it is simply in the primary literature and not in the database [E_q77_loc2].",
"subnuclear": "CAJAL BODIES, and this is the best-evidenced subnuclear address in this tranche that is NOT in UniProt at all. MED26 recruits the little elongation complex (LEC, containing ELL and EAF) to non-polyadenylated genes - snRNA genes and replication-dependent histone genes - and the termination and 3'-end-processing step it controls happens AT CAJAL BODIES [E_q77_loc2]. The proposed organising role is that MED26-containing Mediator brings Cajal bodies into contact with histone locus bodies so that 3'-end-processing factors are supplied to paused Pol II [E_q77_loc3]. UniProt O95402 records NONE of this - its entire subcellular block is one line, 'Nucleus', at ECO:0000305 [E_q77_loc1]. THE CONNECTION TO THIS GRAPH IS DIRECT: ELL is a KMT2A fusion partner and this graph already holds localization-ell-cajal-bodies-versus-speckles-and-the-mll-ell-disruption. MED26 is the subunit that puts ELL there.",
"how_shown": "ChIP and knockdown at snRNA and replication-dependent histone genes with LEC occupancy readouts [E_q77_loc4]; degron depletion, termination and 3'-end-processing assays, and nuclear-body localisation at Cajal bodies [E_q77_loc2]; the Cajal-body-to-histone-locus-body organising model is stated in a review by the same group [E_q77_loc3]",
"systems": "human cultured cells (HeLa and derivatives) throughout. NO haematopoietic system, no primary blast, nothing KMT2A-rearranged, and no leukaemia cell line.",
"shown_for_fusion_localisation": "NO - nobody has looked in any fusion. MED26 has not been imaged, fractionated or ChIPped in a KMT2A-rearranged cell, an MLL-AF9 mouse or any other fusion system. The near miss is instructive: the SEC docking result [E_q77_loc5] is the single most-cited MED26 fact in this project's reasoning and it is a BIOCHEMICAL docking result in HeLa nuclear extract, with no spatial measurement at all.",
"node": "localization-ell-cajal-bodies-versus-speckles-and-the-mll-ell-disruption",
"the_uniprot_gap_is_the_finding": "MED26 is the clean case for brief rule 91 item 2 read backwards. Filtering O95402 on ECO:0000269 returns NOTHING, so an automated localisation pipeline would score MED26 as unannotated or would take the ECO:0000305 line at face value and call it 'nuclear, experimental'. Both are wrong in the same direction: the protein has a specific, published, non-obvious subnuclear address - Cajal bodies - that the database does not carry. The generalisable point is that for a subunit of a large machine, the database records the machine's compartment and the literature records the subunit's address."
}cell type
{
"evidence_class_key": "concept-expressed-required-maintains-three-evidence-classes",
"identifier_note": "MED26 is O95402, 600 aa, primary gene name MED26, synonyms ARC70 and CRSP7 (UniProt, 2026-09-21). data/symbol-collisions.json was grepped for MED26, CRSP7 and ARC70 before the first query and has NO ROW for any of them. A row is PROPOSED in this beat's memo for a different reason: the literature on this protein is indexed under ARC70 and CRSP7 in the 1999-2005 window and under MED26 afterwards, and the unified-nomenclature renaming of the Mediator subunits means a MED26-only query misses the founding biochemistry.",
"expressed_in": {
"class": 1,
"summary": "broadly expressed and DepMap COMMON-ESSENTIAL - mean Chronos -0.944 over 1,208 lines with 92.3% of lines depleted (this entry's E1). HPA calls the RNA tissue-enhanced for testis but detected in all tissues, with low immune-cell specificity and blood-cell distribution 'detected in single'. There is no haematopoietic cell type in which MED26 is specifically enriched, and none in which it is specifically dispensable."
},
"required_in": {
"class": 2,
"claim": "REQUIRED EVERYWHERE, WHICH IS A DIFFERENT CLAIM FROM REQUIRED IN A CELL TYPE. MED26 is common-essential across 1,208 human cancer lines and the KMT2A::AFF1 subgroup is the LEAST depleted of the three cancer groupings in this entry's own table (-0.718 against -0.913 for KMT2A-rearranged overall and -0.800 for leukaemia). No conditional knockout of Med26 in any haematopoietic compartment has been published - see the bounded query below - so the cell-type question for this gene has an empty literature rather than a negative answer.",
"pmids": [],
"system_named_in_the_claim": "human cancer cell lines in a three-week CRISPR proliferation screen; no animal, no primary cell, no lineage-resolved experiment exists"
},
"bounded_query": {
"date": "2026-09-21",
"tool": "NCBI esearch db=pubmed",
"queries_run": [
"(MED26[tiab] OR CRSP7[tiab] OR ARC70[tiab]) AND (hematopoi*[tiab] OR leukemia[tiab] OR differentiation[tiab] OR stem cell[tiab]) -> 5 records",
"\"Mediator complex\"[tiab] AND (MLL[tiab] OR KMT2A[tiab] OR leukemi*[tiab]) -> 18 records",
"\"Mediator kinase\"[tiab] AND leukemi*[tiab] -> 3 records"
],
"on_topic_after_title_check": 0,
"what_the_18_actually_are": "Brief rule 64 satisfied: the COMPLEX form was run as well as the subunit symbols, because a subunit-only enumeration of a named complex misses papers framed at the complex. It changes the answer from 5 records to 18 and it still does not produce a MED26 result. The 18 are dominated by the CDK8/19 kinase module (inhibitor chemistry, NK-cell effects, SEL120-34A) and by MED12; the one genuinely on-beat paper is MED1, not MED26 - MED1 is required for E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenic transcription and leukaemic cell growth, which is a DIFFERENT Mediator subunit and a DIFFERENT fusion, and is recorded here as the closest available analogy [E_q77_ct1].",
"bound": "titles and abstracts only; supporting figures not searched - brief rule 80. Aliases searched: MED26, CRSP7, ARC70. The absence is bounded by that name list and by the complex form."
},
"context": "no haematopoietic cell-type experiment exists for this gene in any species"
}cell state
{
"evidence_class_key": "concept-expressed-required-maintains-three-evidence-classes",
"maintains_state": {
"class": 3,
"states": [],
"claim": "NO CELL STATE HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO MED26 IN ANY SYSTEM, and this is a bounded rejection rather than a missing lookup. What MED26 controls is a TRANSCRIPTIONAL STATE OF A GENE CLASS, not a state of a cell: through its N-terminal TND it exchanges TAF7 for ELL/EAF- and P-TEFb-containing complexes, switching Pol II from initiation to elongation [E_q77_loc5], and it routes the little elongation complex to non-polyadenylated genes where termination and 3'-end processing occur at Cajal bodies [E_q77_loc2]. Calling that a cell state would be a category error, and this entry says so rather than approximating.",
"pmids": [
"21729782",
"32102997"
],
"system_named_in_the_claim": "human HeLa nuclear extract biochemistry and human cultured cells - no fusion, no haematopoietic cell, no animal"
},
"what_would_make_this_a_state_claim": "A degron depletion of MED26 in a KMT2A::AFF1 line with single-cell readout, asking whether the differentiation block relaxes. The reagents exist - the termination paper used an auxin-inducible degron on Mediator subunits - and the experiment has never been done in a leukaemic cell.",
"confidence": "weak",
"caveats": "Everything in this block is human cultured non-haematopoietic cells. The dependency figure is a CRISPR proliferation screen, which cannot see a differentiation phenotype at all, so 'common-essential with no KMT2A selectivity' does not exclude a fusion-specific transcriptional role. The Cajal-body organising model comes substantially from one laboratory (Takahashi, Conaway and colleagues appear on the 2011, 2015, 2020 and 2023 items cited here), and the graph should not count four papers from one group as four independent lines.",
"counter_evidence": [
{
"note": "The best reason to doubt that MED26 will turn out to matter as a fusion-selective node is inside this entry's own dependency table: the KMT2A::AFF1 lines are the LEAST depleted of the three cancer groupings, and selectivity_vs_all_lines is POSITIVE (+0.031) while selectivity_vs_leukaemia is negative (-0.113) - a sign-unstable score. Against that, the one published case of a Mediator subunit being required for a fusion's oncogenic transcription is MED1 in E2A-PBX1, not MED26 in KMT2A, so the analogy that makes MED26 interesting also names a different subunit.",
"citation": {
"title": "Mediator subunit MED1 is required for E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenic transcription and leukemic cell growth.",
"authors": "Lee YL, Ito K, Pi WC, Lin IH, Chu CS, Malik S, Cheng IH, Chen WY, Roeder RG",
"year": 2021,
"venue": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A",
"pmid": "33542097",
"doi": "10.1073/pnas.1922864118",
"type": "paper"
}
}
]
}forward reference closed by q77
{
"what_e4_said": "E4 of this entry records, correctly for its cycle, that 'no verified primary citation supporting the Mediator-to-SEC handoff function was obtained this cycle'.",
"the_citation": "PMID 21729782, Takahashi et al., Cell 2011, 'Human mediator subunit MED26 functions as a docking site for transcription elongation factors' - fetched from PubMed on 2026-09-21 and read. It reports overlapping docking sites in the conserved N-terminal domain of MED26 for the super elongation complex, for a second ELL/EAF-containing complex and for TFIID, and proposes MED26 as a molecular switch that binds TFIID in the initiation complex and then exchanges it for ELL/EAF and P-TEFb complexes. It is cited in full as [E_q77_loc5].",
"status": "E4's text is left exactly as written because it is a true statement about what that cycle obtained, and nothing in it is contradicted. This field records that the gap it named is now closed, with the identifier, so a reader does not re-derive it. The citation was ALREADY in this project's corpus before this beat - see the memo."
}- Essential-function toxicity with no compensating selectivity. MED26 is common-essential with 92.3% of 1,208 lines depleted, and its KMT2A::AFF1 mean (-0.718) is the shallowest of the three cancer groupings — so the fusion of interest is, if anything, the least MED26-dependent group. Any agent would carry general-transcription toxicity and buy nothing genotype-specific.
- The central mechanistic rationale for including MED26 here is unverified. The Mediator-to-SEC handoff is our inference, labelled speculative (E4), and it is the only thing that would make MED26 interesting for this fusion. If it is wrong, MED26 reduces to a generic essential Mediator subunit and should be dropped from the target list rather than merely deprioritised.
- Compensation at the complex level is likely and unmeasured. Mediator is a ~30-subunit modular assembly; losing one peripheral subunit can be partly absorbed by the rest, which is consistent with MED26's -0.944 being shallower than CDK9's -1.536 despite both being common-essential. A partial inhibitor would sit in exactly the regime that Mediator buffers best, giving a flat dose-response until the toxic dose.
- Delivery and modality are unsolved from the ground up. There is no ligand, no ligand-bound structure, no assay in ChEMBL, and no chemical series — so a MED26 programme would begin by establishing ligandability on a domain that has never been screened, on a target with a disqualifying essentiality profile. The cheap version of that experiment is worth running for knowledge; the expensive version is not worth running for this disease.
- Resistance would be cheap for the tumour and expensive for the patient: a common-essential target with no selectivity means the therapeutic dose is close to the toxic dose, so the achievable exposure is low, sub-maximal target engagement is the norm, and sub-maximal engagement of a modular complex is the classic setting for rapid adaptive escape.
- Is the MED26 TND actually a partner-exchange switch, and does anything bind it competitively? Both solved structures (5ODD, 6ZV3) are apo with no partner chain, so the surface's real ligand has never been visualised. A TND-deleted or TND-point-mutant knock-in, reading out Mediator versus SEC co-immunoprecipitation and nascent transcription at KMT2A::AFF1 target genes, would decide it — and would distinguish a genuine switch from a merely weaker Mediator subunit.
- Why has nobody screened the MED26 TND? It is the same size class as the CBX8 chromodomain, the BRPF1 bromodomain and the ENL/AF9 YEATS domains, all of which have tens to hundreds of potent ligands, and it is more essential than any of them. Whether the groove is too shallow, or the field simply wrote Mediator off, is unknown — and a 10,000-compound thermal-shift screen on a 10 kDa NMR-tractable domain would answer it cheaply.
- What does MED26 residues 93-600 look like? About 86% of the protein has never been resolved outside a holo-assembly, so there may be a second autonomous module nobody has looked for. AlphaFold AF-O95402-F1 exists and would be the place to start, but a prediction is not a structure.
- Does MED26's selectivity sign-flip (-0.113 against leukemia, +0.031 against all lines) survive a larger KMT2A-r panel, or is it purely n=10 artefact? Given that the KMT2A::AFF1 subgroup is the least depleted grouping of all, the honest prior is that MED26 has no fusion-specific requirement at all.
- MED26 shows tight LoF constraint (LOEUF 0.301, 7 observed of 43.7 expected) with essentially no missense constraint (z 0.83). Does that mean MED26 is inhibitable only by degradation, because no point change in it is deleterious enough to model what an occupancy-based inhibitor would do?
- E1strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.database
MED26 is DepMap common-essential with a mean Chronos of -0.944 across 1,208 cell lines and 92.3% of lines depleted; means are -0.800 across 64 leukemia lines, -0.913 across 10 KMT2A-rearranged lines and -0.718 across 4 KMT2A::AFF1 lines, giving selectivity_vs_leukemia -0.113 and selectivity_vs_all_lines +0.031 — a sign-unstable score, both magnitudes inside noise. gnomAD gives pLI 1.0, LOEUF 0.301, 7 observed versus 43.7 expected loss-of-function variants and missense z 0.83. HPA classifies the RNA as tissue enhanced (testis, 34.0 nTPM), detected in all tissues, with low immune cell specificity and blood-cell distribution 'detected in single'.
DepMap CRISPR (Chronos) gene effect via the Open Targets Platform GraphQL API; loss-of-function constraint via the gnomAD GraphQL API; normal-tissue expression via the Human Protein Atlas API · Broad Institute DepMap; gnomAD; Human Protein Atlas; Open Targets Platform · Databases 2026What this evidence cannot show
Means were computed by us from per-line API values rather than read from a DepMap release table, and the API does not state the release version. Only 10 KMT2A-rearranged lines (4 KMT2A::AFF1) contribute; the KMT2A::AFF1 group spans -0.358 (MV4-11) to -0.881 (SEM), so its mean of -0.718 carries little weight, and the fact that selectivity changes sign between the two comparators (-0.113 vs +0.031) is itself evidence that neither is resolvable at this n. Cell lines are not normal tissue. Whole-gene knockout removes the TND and the remaining 513 residues together and so cannot speak to what blocking the TND alone would do. 'Detected in single' describes RNA detection across immune cell types, not protein requirement.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- The KMT2A::AFF1 lines are the LEAST depleted of the three cancer groupings (-0.718 vs -0.913 for all KMT2A-r and -0.800 for leukemia), so if anything the fusion of interest is the subgroup with the weakest MED26 requirement. Combined with the +0.031 selectivity against all lines, there is no dependency argument for MED26 in this disease. Broad Institute DepMap; Open Targets Platform 2026
- E2established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.database
MED26's structural coverage is bimodal with nothing between the extremes: the isolated N-terminal domain has been solved twice by NMR — 5ODD (MED26 residues 1-92, N-terminal domain, associated with PMID 26861138) and 6ZV3 (MED26 residues 1-87, annotated as the TFIIS N-terminal domain, associated with PMID 34822292) — while MED26 otherwise appears only as one subunit within large pre-initiation-complex–Mediator cryo-EM assemblies (7ENA, 7ENC, 7EMF, 7ENJ, associated with PMID 33958484; 8GXQ, 8GXS, associated with PMID 36201575). No structure exists of a MED26 fragment bound to a partner peptide, no sub-module structure exists, and residues 93-600 have never been resolved outside a holo-complex.
RCSB PDB entries 5ODD, 6ZV3, 7ENA, 7ENC, 7EMF, 7ENJ, 8GXQ and 8GXS, with per-entity UniProt accessions, methods and modelled residue ranges resolved against the RCSB APIs; searched for MED26 (O95402) complexes with partner peptides · RCSB Protein Data Bank · RCSB PDB 2026What this evidence cannot show
Residue ranges are RCSB's UniProt-mapped modelled segments, not independently curated domain boundaries. Both TND structures are apo and isolated: they contain no ligand and no partner chain, which is the least useful starting point for designing a PPI blocker. Within the PIC-Mediator assemblies the stated global resolution does not apply to a peripheral subunit such as MED26, whose local resolution is generally worse and was not independently assessed here. The claim that no partner-bound MED26 fragment structure exists is scoped to what an RCSB API search returned in this session. BOUND ADDED 2026-09-22, and the enumeration is EXHAUSTIVE. The RCSB search API, queried on the polymer-entity reference accession for O95402, returns exactly 8 PDB entries: 5ODD, 6ZV3, 7EMF, 7ENA, 7ENC, 7ENJ, 8GXQ, 8GXS. This claim names all eight, so 'MED26 otherwise appears only as one subunit within large PIC-Mediator assemblies' is a complete statement of the deposited record on that date and not a sample of it. The count will drift as new entries are deposited -- the same caveat gene-kmt2a's structural-coverage evidence carries -- so the date is the load-bearing part of this sentence.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- Counting PDB entries measures how tractable a protein was to CRYSTALLISE, which correlates with being small, ordered and well-behaved rather than with being druggable. What decides design value is whether the deposited density covers the site that matters, at a resolution that supports modelling, in the relevant state — and this graph has repeatedly found structures described in the direction that overstates what is resolved. Bimodal coverage with nothing between the extremes describes a protein whose middle is disordered, and two NMR structures of the same N-terminal domain is one construct solved twice. RCSB PDB 2026
- E3strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.database
MED26 has no ChEMBL target entity of any kind in ChEMBL v34 — neither a single-protein target with zero activity rows nor a protein-complex or protein-protein-interaction target — placing it with ZFP64 and MEAF6 as the only completely unrepresented genes in this interactome. By contrast, comparably sized autonomous interaction modules in the same dossier carry substantial chemical matter: the CBX8 chromodomain target CHEMBL3232684 has 15 potent rows and a 120 nM Kd, BRPF1 (CHEMBL3132741) has 173 potent rows and a 31 nM Kd, and the MLLT1 and MLLT3 YEATS targets (CHEMBL4295801, CHEMBL4295761) have 144 and 66 potent rows with best Ki values of 56 nM and 10 nM.
ChEMBL database version 34: target_search for MED26 / Mediator complex subunit 26 returned no target entity; comparator targets CHEMBL3232684, CHEMBL3132741, CHEMBL4295801 and CHEMBL4295761 queried by target_search and get_bioactivity · EMBL-EBI ChEMBL · ChEMBL 2026What this evidence cannot show
Absence of a ChEMBL target is absence of curated records, not proof of intractability, and ChEMBL curation lags the primary and patent literature. It is equally consistent with the TND groove being too shallow to bind small molecules, with Mediator being perceived as undruggable and therefore unscreened, or with no screen having been attempted. The comparator counts are page-local because of a 25-row API limit. The comparison to CBX8, BRPF1 and the YEATS domains is an argument about module size class, not evidence that the MED26 TND is ligandable.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- A ChEMBL activity-row count measures how much medicinal chemistry has been DONE, not how tractable the target is, and the best reported affinity belongs to the most optimised compound in whichever series someone chose to pursue. Zero rows means nobody tried; thousands of rows means a target had a decade of industrial attention. No target entity of any kind is a statement about ChEMBL's curation policy as much as about the protein: ChEMBL creates targets when assays are deposited, so absence records that nobody has assayed it, which is the expected state for a Mediator subunit. ChEMBL, EMBL-EBI 2026
- E4speculative confidence 1 of 5: Our own inference or analogy. Not shown to be true.database
OUR INFERENCE, NOT A VERIFIED FINDING: that the MED26 TND functions as the switch point handing RNA polymerase II from a Mediator-associated initiation state to a super-elongation-complex-associated elongation state. What is verifiable is only the structural furniture — that an autonomous TND exists and has been solved twice (5ODD, 6ZV3), and that MED26 is a subunit of PIC-Mediator assemblies (7ENA, 7ENC, 7EMF, 7ENJ, 8GXQ, 8GXS). No verified primary citation supporting the Mediator-to-SEC handoff function was obtained this cycle.
RCSB PDB entries 5ODD, 6ZV3, 7ENA, 7ENC, 7EMF, 7ENJ, 8GXQ and 8GXS — cited here for the structural facts only; the functional switch interpretation is this project's inference and is not supported by these entries · RCSB Protein Data Bank · RCSB PDB 2026What this evidence cannot show
This evidence item exists to record an unsupported claim honestly rather than to support it. The structures establish that the TND is an autonomous module; they establish nothing about partner exchange, nothing about the SEC, and nothing about KMT2A fusions. Anyone citing this node for the handoff mechanism is citing an inference. The claim is developed with the same labelling, and with node-level status 'unverified', in interface-med26-sec-handoff.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- Both MED26 TND structures are apo with no partner chain modelled, so there is no structural evidence of competing partners occupying the same TND surface — which is what a switch mechanism requires. The absence of any partner-bound MED26 fragment structure in the PDB is a direct argument that the switch model has not been structurally tested. RCSB Protein Data Bank 2026
- E_q77_loc1established confidence 5 of 5: Multiple independent lines of evidence; treated as settled in the field.database
MED26's ENTIRE subcellular record in UniProt O95402 (fetched 2026-09-21) is one line - 'Nucleus' - carrying ECO:0000305, which is curator inference, NOT experimental evidence. There is no ECO:0000269 anywhere in the block, no note, and no isoform- or fragment-scoped statement.
UniProtKB O95402 (MED26_HUMAN) - SUBCELLULAR LOCATION comment block with evidence codes · UniProt Consortium 2026What this evidence cannot show
This is a measurement of the DATABASE, not of the protein, and it is reported as such. Fetched live 2026-09-21 by reading the comment array with evidence codes attached, not by reading the flattened cc_subcellular_location field, which hides the codes. The practical consequence is the one brief rule 91 item 4 warns about: a pipeline that keeps only ECO:0000269 rows returns nothing for MED26, and a pipeline that ignores codes returns 'nuclear, experimental', and both are wrong.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- An uncoded or curator-inferred annotation being absent from the database is NOT evidence that the measurement is absent from the world. For MED26 the experimental subnuclear record exists and is specific - Cajal bodies, with degron depletion and termination assays behind it - and it simply has not been curated into this record. Treating the ECO gap as a knowledge gap would have produced a confident wrong bounded absence. Takahashi H et al. 2020
- E_q77_loc2strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper
MED26 recruits the little elongation complex (LEC) to modulate transcription TERMINATION of non-polyadenylated transcripts - snRNAs and replication-dependent histone mRNAs - AT CAJAL BODIES; the LEC recruited by MED26 promotes efficient Pol II termination through interaction with CBC-ARS2 and NELF/DSIF and promotes 3'-end processing by enhancing recruitment of Integrator to snRNA genes and Heat Labile Factor to replication-dependent histone genes.
The role of Mediator and Little Elongation Complex in transcription termination. · Takahashi H, Ranjan A, Chen S, Suzuki H, Shibata M, Hirose T, Hirose H, Sasaki K, Abe R, Chen K, He Y, Zhang Y, Takigawa I, Tsukiyama T, Watanabe M, Fujii S, Iida M, Yamamoto J, Yamaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Aoto Y, Tanaka H, Sugiyama S, Kanemaki MT, Ohkawa Y, Conaway JW, Conaway RC, Hatakeyama S · Nat Commun 2020What this evidence cannot show
Human cultured cells; no haematopoietic system and no fusion. Cajal bodies are named as the site of the process rather than as a steady-state address for MED26 protein, so the defensible statement is that MED26's LEC-recruiting function OCCURS at Cajal bodies, not that a given fraction of MED26 resides there - a distinction this entry keeps because the graph's condensate rules require it. NELF and DSIF are named in the mechanism and both are central to this project's elongation model, which is why this result is worth carrying despite the system mismatch.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- Four of the papers behind the Cajal-body model - the 2011 docking paper, the 2015 snRNA paper, this 2020 termination paper and the 2023 review - share the Takahashi/Conaway authorship line, so what looks like a converging literature is substantially one laboratory's programme. No independent group has placed MED26 at a Cajal body. The structural literature summarised in this entry's E2 is independent and does NOT resolve MED26 outside a holo-complex, so it cannot corroborate a body-level address either. Suzuki H et al. 2023
- E_q77_loc3moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.review
The proposed organising role, stated as a model rather than a measurement, is that MED26-containing Mediator recruits Cajal bodies to HISTONE LOCUS BODIES, so that 3'-end-processing factors are supplied from Cajal bodies to Pol II paused at the proximal region of transcript end sites in replication-dependent histone genes.
MED26-containing Mediator may orchestrate multiple transcription processes through organization of nuclear bodies. · Suzuki H, Furugori K, Abe R, Ogawa S, Ito S, Akiyama T, Horiuchi K, Takahashi H · Bioessays 2023What this evidence cannot show
THIS IS A REVIEW and is cited as a map of the model, not as primary evidence - the primary results are [E_q77_loc2] and [E_q77_loc4]. Its own framing is hedged ('may orchestrate', 'we argue the possibility'), and this entry keeps that hedge. Authorship overlaps the primary papers.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- An association between two nuclear bodies, proposed in a review by the group that generated the primary data, is the weakest class of spatial claim this graph accepts. Nothing rules out that Cajal-body and histone-locus-body proximity is a consequence of shared transcriptional activity rather than of MED26 organising anything - the clustered-binding alternative the graph's condensate standards insist on. No half-bleach or model-free measurement has been applied to this system. Takahashi H et al. 2020
- E_q77_loc4strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper
MED26 recruits LEC to a subset of snRNA genes through a direct interaction between EAF and the MED26 N-terminal domain; loss of MED26 decreases LEC occupancy at those genes and reduces their transcription, and the MED26 NTD functions as a molecular switch exchanging TAF7 for LEC to drive the initiation-to-elongation transition.
MED26 regulates the transcription of snRNA genes through the recruitment of little elongation complex. · Takahashi H, Takigawa I, Watanabe M, Anwar D, Shibata M, Tomomori-Sato C, Sato S, Ranjan A, Seidel CW, Tsukiyama T, Mizushima W, Hayashi M, Ohkawa Y, Conaway JW, Conaway RC, Hatakeyama S · Nat Commun 2015What this evidence cannot show
Human cells; occupancy and transcription readouts rather than imaging, so this item carries the GENE-CLASS specificity and not the spatial claim - the Cajal-body element comes from [E_q77_loc2]. EAF is the partner named here; ELL is EAF's complex partner and is a KMT2A fusion partner, which is the reason this sits in a localisation block at all.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- The switch model is built on the SAME 87-residue N-terminal domain that docks SEC, TFIID and LEC, and this entry's own E2 records that the only atomic-detail MED26 structures are APO, isolated NMR structures of that domain with no partner in the model. So the claim that one groove sequentially binds three different complexes rests entirely on solution biochemistry, with no structure of any of the three bound states. RCSB PDB 2026
- E_q77_loc5strong confidence 4 of 5: Replicated in peer-reviewed work by more than one group.paper
MED26's conserved N-terminal domain contains OVERLAPPING docking sites for the super elongation complex (containing ELL/EAF family members and P-TEFb), for a second ELL/EAF-containing complex, and for the general initiation factor TFIID; the proposed model is that MED26 binds TFIID in the Pol II initiation complex and then exchanges TFIID for the ELL/EAF- and P-TEFb-containing complexes to drive the transition into elongation.
Human mediator subunit MED26 functions as a docking site for transcription elongation factors. · Takahashi H, Parmely TJ, Sato S, Tomomori-Sato C, Banks CA, Kong SE, Szutorisz H, Swanson SK, Martin-Brown S, Washburn MP, Florens L, Seidel CW, Lin C, Smith ER, Shilatifard A, Conaway RC, Conaway JW · Cell 2011What this evidence cannot show
Human HeLa nuclear-extract biochemistry with no spatial measurement of any kind - this is the paper that makes MED26 interesting to this project and it contains NO localisation experiment, which is worth stating explicitly in a localisation block. No fusion is present in any experiment. This item is supplied to close the gap E4 of this entry records, and E4's own wording is left unaltered because it was true of its cycle.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- SEC docking is a property of purified complexes in extract, and the sequential-exchange model is an inference from overlapping binding sites rather than a kinetic measurement. In the cell, the relevant question for this project is whether a KMT2A fusion's SEC is delivered through MED26 at all, and nothing in this paper or any other addresses that. The dependency data in this entry gives the reason for scepticism: KMT2A::AFF1 lines are the least MED26-dependent of the cancer groupings measured. Lee YL et al. 2021
- E_q77_ct1moderate confidence 3 of 5: One strong study, or several smaller consistent ones.paper
The closest published analogy for a Mediator subunit being required by a fusion oncoprotein names a DIFFERENT subunit and a DIFFERENT fusion: MED1 is required for E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenic transcription and leukaemic cell growth. A bounded PubMed search on 2026-09-21 over MED26, CRSP7 and ARC70, and over the complex form 'Mediator complex' with MLL/KMT2A/leukaemia, returns 5 and 18 records respectively and ZERO about MED26 in any haematopoietic setting.
Mediator subunit MED1 is required for E2A-PBX1-mediated oncogenic transcription and leukemic cell growth. · Lee YL, Ito K, Pi WC, Lin IH, Chu CS, Malik S, Cheng IH, Chen WY, Roeder RG · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021What this evidence cannot show
MED1 is not MED26 and E2A-PBX1 (TCF3::PBX1) is not a KMT2A fusion - this is an ANALOGY recorded to bound a rejection, not a result about MED26. The bounded search is titles and abstracts only (brief rule 80): a MED26 experiment appearing only as a supporting panel in a leukaemia paper would be invisible to it, and the complex-form query was run precisely because subunit-only enumeration of a named complex is known to under-recall (brief rule 64). The 18 complex-form hits are dominated by CDK8/19 kinase-module chemistry, which is a different module of Mediator entirely.
Evidence that argues against this (1)
- Reading the MED1 result as support for working on MED26 would be the exact error this graph keeps finding: a conclusion imported across a subunit boundary. Mediator's kinase module, tail and head behave as separable entities, the leukaemia literature that does exist is about CDK8/19 and MED12 rather than about the middle module MED26 belongs to, and MED26's own KMT2A::AFF1 dependency is the shallowest in this entry's table. UniProt Consortium 2026
UNBOUNDED AT ESTABLISHED: one of three absence claims carrying a confidence tier with no date, source or count. It is a structural-coverage claim about PDB rather than a literature claim, so it needs a different check than a search.
Both Mediator subunits in this graph; neither shows a KMT2A-selective requirement that survives scrutiny.
The graph's other Mediator entry; MED26 shows no KMT2A selectivity and MED23 ranks 16 of 17,728.
Mediator is the strongest non-trivial complex signal, 31 subunits with 87% concordant
- ← related toThe whole protein-coding genome: menin is still first, and a metabolic pathway appears (run)
MED13L ranks 9 and MED23 16, suggesting Mediator is under-represented in this project's interactome
the Mediator subunit whose neighbours have no entries
MED26 ranks 555 and is broadly essential (pan -0.944)
the second Mediator subunit in the REST-to-G9a route
the second Mediator subunit in the REST-to-G9a route
MED26 docks elongation factors and is one of the six baits in the same purification - the corroborating mechanism
MED26 is the subunit that routes the ELL/EAF little elongation complex to Cajal bodies - the compartment this entry's ELL counterpart is about
MED26's N-terminal TND docks ELL/EAF-containing complexes (LEC and SEC), exchanging TAF7 for them at the initiation-to-elongation transition
the MED26 spatial claim is about where a Pol II transition occurs, not where the protein resides - the same distinction this node draws
- related to →Nuclear speckles — the compartment everyone assumes KMT2A::AFF1 uses, on evidence that skips AFF1 itself
the compartment MED26 has NOT been placed in: the Cajal-body result is specifically not a speckle result, and the two are routinely conflated
the two Mediator subunits that co-purify with the MLL-AFF4 construct and the two REST uses to reach G9a
MED26 carries four of the six enumerated mll_aff4 construct records - more than any other protein